Hierarchical geometries and adhesion: Bio-inspired designs for stiff interfaces

Macroscopic friction coefficients observed in experiments are the result of various types of complex multiscale interactions between sliding surfaces. Therefore, there are several ways to modify them depending on the physical phenomena involved. Recently, it has been demonstrated that surface structure, e.g. artificial patterning, can be used to tune frictional properties. In this paper, we show how the global friction coefficients can also be manipulated using composite surf...

Hierarchical structures are very common in Nature, but only recently have they been systematically studied in materials physics, in order to understand the specific effects they can have on the mechanical properties of various systems. Structural hierarchy provides a way to tune and optimize macroscopic mechanical properties starting from simple base constituents, and new materials are nowadays designed exploiting this possibility. This can be also true in the field of tribol...

Adaptive structures are of interest for their ability to dynamically modify mechanical properties post fabrication, enabling structural performance that is responsive to environmental uncertainty and changing loading conditions. Dynamic control of stiffness is of particular importance as a fundamental structural property, impacting both static and dynamic structural performance. However, existing technologies necessitate continuous power to maintain multiple stiffness states ...

Biological materials achieve directional reinforcement with oriented assemblies of anisotropic building blocks. One such example is the nanocomposite structure of keratinized epithelium on the toe pad of tree frogs, in which hexagonal arrays of (soft) epithelial cells are crossed by densely packed and oriented (hard) keratin nanofibrils. Here, a method is established to fabricate arrays of tree-frog-inspired composite micropatterns composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micr...

Hierarchical microstructures are often invoked to explain the high resilience and fracture toughness of biological materials such as bone and nacre. Biomimetic material models inspired by those structural arrangements face the obvious challenge of capturing their inherent multi-scale complexity, both in experiments and in simulations. To study the influence of hierarchical microstructural patterns in fracture behavior, we propose a large scale three-dimensional hierarchical b...

In many biological materials such as nacre and bone, the material structure consists of hard grains and soft interfaces, with the interfaces playing a significant role in the material's mechanical behavior. This type of structures has been utilized in the design of various bio-inspired composite materials. Such applications often require the materials to exhibit a specified nonlinear stress-strain relationship. A key challenge lies in identifying appropriate interface propert...

We present a newly developed approach for the calculation of interfacial stiffness and contact area evolution between two rough bodies exhibiting self affine surface structures. Using spline assisted discretization to define localised contact normals and surface curvatures we interpret the mechanics of simulated non-adhesive elastic surface-profiles subjected to normal loading by examining discrete contact points as projected Hertzian spheres. The analysis of rough-to-rough c...

Multiscale phenomena exhibit complex structure-function relationships, and predicting their macroscopic behavior requires deducing differential equations at different scales. The complexity of these equations and the number of essential parameters make developing effective, predictive models challenging. To overcome this, researchers explore leveraging advanced numerical techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning. Here, we focus on a fundamental aspect in mu...

Multi-material lightweight designs, e.g. the combination of aluminum with fiber-reinforced composites, are a key feature for the development of innovative and resource-efficient products. The connection properties of such bi-material interfaces are influenced by the geometric structure on different length scales. In this article a modeling strategy is presented to study the failure behavior of rough interfaces within a computational homogenization scheme. We study different l...

Cantilevered beams are of immense importance as structural and sensorial members for a number of applications. Endowing tailorable elasticity can have wide ranging engineering ramification. Such tailorability could be possible using some type of spatial gradation in the beam's material or cross section. However, these often require extensive additive and subtractive material processing or specialized casts. In this letter, we demonstrate an alternative bio inspired mechanical...