Low degree polynomial equations: arithmetic, geometry and topology

In this paper we state two quantitative Sylvester-Gallai results for high degree curves. Moreover we give two constructions which show that these results are not trivial.

We explain how to use computer experiments over finite fields to gain heuristic information about the solution set of polynomial equations in characteristic zero. These are notes of a tutorial I gave at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Higher-Dimensional Geometry over Finite Fields in G"ottingen 2007.

This paper focuses on polynomial dynamical systems over finite fields. These systems appear in a variety of contexts, in computer science, engineering, and computational biology, for instance as models of intracellular biochemical networks. It is shown that several problems relating to their structure and dynamics, as well as control theory, can be formulated and solved in the language of algebraic geometry.

This article is a survey of recent developments in, and a tutorial on, the approach to P v. NP and related questions called Geometric Complexity Theory (GCT). It is written to be accessible to graduate students. Numerous open questions in algebraic geometry and representation theory relevant for GCT are presented.

We present a new approach to the ideal membership problem for polynomial rings over the integers: given polynomials $f_0,f_1,...,f_n\in\Z[X]$, where $X=(X_1,...,X_N)$ is an $N$-tuple of indeterminates, are there $g_1,...,g_n\in\Z[X]$ such that $f_0=g_1f_1+...+g_nf_n$? We show that the degree of the polynomials $g_1,...,g_n$ can be bounded by $(2d)^{2^{O(N^2)}}(h+1)$ where $d$ is the maximum total degree and $h$ the maximum height of the coefficients of $f_0,...,f_n$. Some rel...

In this paper, we would like to propose a fundamental question about a higher dimensional analogue of Dirichlet's unit theorem. We also give a partial answer to the question as an application of the arithmetic Hodge index theorem.

Recent developments of affine algebraic geometry, especially the theory of open algebraic surfaces, provide means to systematically explore geometric and topological properties of polynomials in two variables. Nevertheless, there is one unsurmountable problem remained even in the case of two variables, which has been unsolved since 1939, that is the Jacobian Conjecture. These are notes for author's lectures on the geometry and topology of polynomials and the Jacobian Conjectu...

This is the text of a series of five lectures given by the author at the "Second Annual Spring Institute on Noncommutative Geometry and Operator Algebras" held at Vanderbilt University in May 2004. It is meant as an overview of recent results illustrating the interplay between noncommutative geometry and arithmetic geometry/number theory.

A telegraphic survey of some of the standard results and conjectures about the set $C({\bf Q})$ of rational points on a smooth projective absolutely connected curve $C$ over ${\bf Q}$.

We consider polynomial equations, or systems of polynomial equations, with integer coefficients, modulo prime numbers $p$. We offer an elementary approach based on a counting method. The outcome is a weak form of the Lang-Weil lower bound for the number of solutions modulo $p$, only differing from Lang-Weil by an asymptotic $p^\epsilon$ multiplicative factor. Our second contribution is a reduction lemma to the case of a single equation which we use to extend our results to sy...