January 7, 1998
Decaying superheavy particles can be produced by Topological Defects or, in case they are quasi-stable, as relics from the early Universe. The decays of these particles can be the sources of observed Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays ($E \sim 10^{10} - 10^{12} GeV$). The Topological Defects as the UHE CR sources are critically reviewed and cosmic necklaces and monopole-antiminopole pairs are identified as most plausible sources. The relic superheavy particles are shown to be clustering in the halo and their decays produce UHE CR without GZK cutoff. The Lightest Supersymmetric Particles with Ultra High Energies are naturally produced in the cascades accompanying the decays of superheavy particles. These particles are discussed as UHE carriers in the Universe.
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February 18, 1998
The current status of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is reviewed, with emphasis given to theoretical interpretation of the observed events. The galactic and extragalactic origin, in case of astrophysical sources of UHE particles, have the problems either with acceleration to the observed energies or with the fluxes and spectra. Topological defects can naturally produce particles with energies as observed and much higher, but in most cases fail to produce the observed f...
November 17, 1998
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) can be a signal from very early (post-inflationary) Universe. At this cosmological epoch Topological Defects (TD) and long-lived suprheavy (SH) particles are expected to be naturally and effectively produced. Both of these relics can produce now the particles, such as protons and photons, with energies in a great excess of what is observed in UHECR, $E \sim 10^{10} - 10^{11} GeV$. The Topological Defects as the UHECR sources are criticall...
January 17, 2000
The current status of origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is reviewed, with emphasis given to elementary particle solutions to UHECR problem, namely to Topological Defects and Super-Heavy Dark Matter (SHDM) particles. The relic superheavy particles are very efficiently produced at inflation. Being protected by gauge discrete symmetries, they can be long lived. They are clustering in the Galactic halo, producing thus UHECR without Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. To...
October 29, 2003
The origin of Ultra--High Energy ($E \gsim 10^{20}$ eV) Cosmic Rays (UHECR) remains mysterious. I discuss ``top--down'' models, where UHECR originate from the decay of very massive, long--lived particles. I summarize the calculation of the spectrum of decay products, discuss possible problems with this scenario, and describe ways to test it by searching for very energetic neutrinos and neutralinos.
November 16, 2000
In this paper we briefly discuss the problem of the origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in the framework of Top-Down models. We show that, for high energy of decays and in a wide range of spectra of injected protons, their extragalactic flux is consistent with the observed fluxes of cosmic rays in the energy range 0.1 E_{GZK}< E < 10E_{GZK}. For suitable energy and spectra of injected protons, the contribution of galactic sources is moderate, in this energy range, but it ...
August 1, 2005
The phase of inflationary expansion in the early universe produces superheavy relics in a mass window between 10^{12} GeV and 10^{14} GeV. Decay or annihilation of these superheavy relics can explain the observed ultrahigh energy cosmic rays beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. We emphasize that the pattern of cosmic ray arrival directions with energies beyond 20 EeV will decide between the different proposals for the origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
September 29, 1997
We argue that the lightest supersymmetric particles (LSP) can be produced with extremely high energies $E\gsim 10^{10}$ GeV in the Universe at the present epoch. Their most probable sources are decaying superheavy particles produced by topological defects or as relic Big Bang particle. We discuss the mechanisms of production of LSP at ultra-high energies (UHE) and the interaction of the UHE LSP with matter. The most attention is given to the neutralino as LSP, although the gl...
December 8, 2003
Annihilation of superheavy particles in primordial bound systems is considered as the source of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR).Charge conservation makes them to be produced in pairs, and the estimated separation of particle and antiparticle in such pair is shown to be in some cases much smaller than the average separation determined by the averaged number density of considered particles. If the new U(1) charge is the source of a long range field similar to electromagne...
February 1, 2000
The origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays remains a mystery. The lack of a high energy cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum together with an apparently isotropic distribution of arrival directions have strongly constrained most models proposed for the generation of these particles. An overview of the present state of theoretical proposals is presented. Astrophysical accelerators as well as top-down scenarios are reviewed along with their most general signatures. The origin an...
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