Gauge (non-)invariant Green functions of Dirac fermions coupled to gauge fields

In a functional approach to QCD the infrared behaviour of Landau gauge Green functions is investigated. It can be proven that the ghost Dyson-Schwinger equation implies the Gribov-Zwanziger horizon condition. Its relation to the Kugo-Ojima confinement scenario is elucidated. Positivity violation for gluons is demonstrated, and the analytic structure of the gluon propagator is studied. Quark confinement is related to an infrared divergence of the quark-gluon vertex. It is show...

In the perturbative approach to quantum field theory it is common to replace the propagator $i (p^{2}-m_{0}^{2}+i\varepsilon )^{-1}$ for a scalar field by a similar expression, namely $iZ (p^{2}-m^{2}+i\varepsilon )^{-1}$, where the shift of the mass from $m_{0}$ to $m$ reflects the mass renormalization and the constant~$Z$ is the renormalized field strength (or wave-function). We argue that, contrary to general belief, the non-perturbative value of~$Z$ is not necessarily equ...

A new approach proposed recently by author for the calculation of Green functions in quantum field theory and quantum mechanics is briefly reviewed. The method is applied to nonperturbative calculations for anharmonic oscillator, $\phi^4$-theory, quantum electrodynamics and other models.

We summarize results on the asymptotics of the two-particle Green functions of interacting electrons in one dimension. Below a critical value of the chemical potential the Fermi surface vanishes, and the system can no longer be described as a Luttinger liquid. Instead, the non-relativistic Fermi gas with infinite point-like repulsion becomes the universal model for the long-wavelength, low temperature physics of the one-dimensional electrons. This model, which we call the imp...

We show that ultraviolet divergences found in fermionic Green's functions of massless $QED_2$ have an essentially non-perturbative nature. We investigate their origin both in gauge invariant formalism (the one where we introduce Wess-Zumino fields to restore quantum gauge invariance) and in gauge non-invariant formalism, mapping two different but equivalent mechanisms responsible for their appearance. We find the same results in both approaches, what contradicts a previous wo...

Despite its simplicity, the unitary gauge is not a popular choice for practical loop calculations in gauge theories, due to the lack of off-shell renormalizability. We study the renormalization properties of the off-shell Green functions of the elementary electron fields in the massive QED, in order to elucidate the origin and structure of the extra ultraviolet divergences which exist only in the unitary gauge. We find that all these divergences affect the Green functions in ...

In this paper, we propose a gauge-invariant way to define and calculate the effective mass for quasiparticles in systems with gauge interactions, and apply it to a model closely related to the half-filled Landau level problem. Our model is equivalent to the Halperin-Lee-Read $\nu = 1/2$ Hamiltonian with an ultraviolet cutoff $\Lambda$ for the gauge fields, and we expand our answer in powers of $\Lambda / k_F$, assuming it is small. In this definition the effective mass depend...

A variational method is discussed, based on the principle of minimal variance. The method seems to be suited for gauge interacting fermions, and the simple case of quantum electrodynamics is discussed in detail. The issue of renormalization is addressed, and the renormalized propagators are shown to be the solution of a set of finite integral equations. The method is proven to be viable and, by a spectral representation, the multi-dimensional integral equations are recast in ...

After presenting a brief summary of functional approaches to QCD at vanishing temperatures and densities the application of QCD Green's functions at non-vanishing temperature and vanishing density is discussed. It is pointed out in which way the infrared behavior of the gluon propagator reflects the (de-)confinement transition. Numerical results for the quark propagator are given thereby verifying the relation between (de-)confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (r...

We derive the quantum Boltzmann equation (QBE) of composite fermions at/near the $\nu = 1/2$ state using the non-equilibrium Green's function technique. The lowest order perturbative correction to the self-energy due to the strong gauge field fluctuations suggests that there is no well defined Landau-quasi-particle. Therefore, we cannot assume the existence of the Landau-quasi-particles {\it a priori} in the derivation of the QBE. Using an alternative formulation, we derive t...