From Lorentz Force on Electron to Magnus Force on Vortex, Role of Experiments

We experimentally characterize the transverse vortex motion and observed some striking features. We found large structures and peaks in the Hall resistance, which can be attributed to the long-range inhomogeneous vortex flow present in some phases of vortex dynamics. We further demonstrate the existence of a moving vortex phase between the pinned phase (peak effect) and the field induced normal state. The measurements were performed on NiZr2 based superconducting glasses.

The paper derives the transverse forces (the Magnus and the Lorentz forces) in the lattice models of superfluids in the continuous approximation. The continuous approximation restores translational invariance absent in the original lattice model, but the theory is not Galilean invariant. As a result, calculation of the two transverse forces on the vortex, Magnus force and Lorentz force, requires the analysis of two balances, for the true momentum of particles in the lattice (...

We predict the existence of a quantum vortex for an unusual situation. We study the order parameter in doubly connected superconducting samples embedded in a uniform magnetic field. For samples with perfect cylindrical symmetry, the order parameter has been known for long and no vortices are present in the linear regime. However, if the sample is not symmetric, there exist ranges of the field for which the order parameter vanishes along a line, parallel to the field. In many ...

The mixed state of type II superconductors has magnetic flux penetrating the sample in the form of vortices, with each vortex carrying an identical quantum of flux. These vortices generally form a triangular lattice under weak mutually repulsive forces; the lattice spacing can be easily varied over many orders of magnitude by varying the external magnetic field. The elastic moduli of this lattice are small and this soft vortex matter can undergo phase transitions like normal ...

The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) has led to understanding that, in order to explain and utilize the phenomenon, completely new physical approaches should be introduced at all scales: microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic. Leaving first two scales beyond the scope of the present paper we focus in the upper limit of the last one, the study of the magnetic flux dynamics in HTS bulks - the dynamics of the 'compact vortex structures'. A new direction in the e...

Vortices in type-II superconductors have attracted enormous attention as ideal systems in which to study nonequilibrium collective phenomena, since the self-ordering of the vortices competes with quenched disorder and thermal effects. Dynamic effects found in vortex systems include depinning, nonequilibrium phase transitions, creep, structural order-disorder transitions, and melting. Understanding vortex dynamics is also important for applications of superconductors which req...

A microscopic analysis of the non-dissipative force ${\bf F}_{nd}$ acting on a line vortex in a type-II superconductor at $T=0$ is given. We first examine the Berry phase induced in the true superconducting ground state by movement of the vortex and show how this induces a Wess-Zumino term in the hydrodynamic action $S_{hyd}$ of the superconducting condensate. Appropriate variation of $S_{hyd}$ gives ${\bf F}_{nd}$ and variation of the Wess-Zumino term is seen to contribute t...

In superconductors where the coherence length is comparable to the Fermi wavelength, the vortex viscosity depends on the velocity of the vortex, leading to non linear equations of motion. The trajectories of vortices driven by a. c. fields show a variety of behaviors as function of frequency. Finite pertubations give rise to very long lived transients. The relevance of these results to experiments in high-T$_{\rm c}$ superconductors is discussed.

In the topological framework of high temperature superconductivity we have discussed the Magnus force acting on its vortices.

The last decade has been marked by great interest in the dynamics of vortices moving at high ($>$10\,km/s) velocities in superconductors. However, the flux-flow instability (FFI) prevents its exploration and sets practical limits for the use of vortices in various applications. Even so, FFI has turned into a valuable tool for studying the quasiparticle energy relaxation in superconductors, with the view of enhancement of the single-photon detection capability of micrometer-wi...