Geographic Routing Around Obstacles in Wireless Sensor Networks

In order to make full use of geographic routing techniques developed for large scale networks, nodes must be localized. However, localization and virtual localization techniques in sensor networks are dependent either on expensive and sometimes unavailable hardware (e.g. GPS) or on sophisticated localization calculus (e.g. triangulation) which are both error-prone and with a costly overhead. Instead of localizing nodes in a traditional 2-dimensional space, we use directly t...

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), similar to the terrestrial sensor networks, have different challenges such as limited bandwidth, low battery power, defective underwater channels, and high variable propagation delay. A crucial problem in UWSN is finding an efficient route between a source and a destination. Consequently, great efforts have been made for designing efficient protocols while considering the unique characteristics of underwater communication. Several r...

This paper deals with the accomplishment of total area coverage of an arbitrary region using sensors with a finite sensing radius of rs. For a given region, we aim to obtain a deterministic placement of sensors which, apart from ensuring that the entire region comes under the purview of at least a single sensor, minimises the number of sensors utilised. We begin by considering regions devoid of obstacles and thus having every location amenable for placement. Herein, we formal...

In wireless sensor networks, an important issue of Geographic Routing is local minimum problem, which is caused by hole that blocks the greedy forwarding process. To avoid the long detour path, recent research focuses on detecting the hole in advance, then the nodes located on the boundary of the hole advertise the hole information to the nodes near the hole.

We propose and evaluate a scalable position-publish and an accompanying routing protocol which is efficient despite operating with imperfect information regarding the destination's location. The traffic generated by our position-publish protocol fits within the transport capacity of large mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) with constant communication bandwidth allocated for routing overhead, even as the network size increases. The routing protocol guarantees, with high probabili...

We propose efficient distributed algorithms to aid navigation of a user through a geographic area covered by sensors. The sensors sense the level of danger at their locations and we use this information to find a safe path for the user through the sensor field. Traditional distributed navigation algorithms rely upon flooding the whole network with packets to find an optimal safe path. To reduce the communication expense, we introduce the concept of a skeleton graph which is a...

This paper addresses the problem of reliable transmission of data through a sensor network. We focus on networks rapidly deployed in harsh environments. For these networks, important design requirements are fast data transmission and rapid network setup, as well as minimized energy consumption for increased network lifetime. We propose a novel broadcasting solution that accounts for the interference impact and the congestion level of the channel, in order to improve robustnes...

In order to make full use of geographic routing techniques developed for large scale networks, nodes must be localized. However, localization and virtual localization techniques in sensor networks are dependent either on expensive and sometimes unavailable hardware (e.g. GPS) or on sophisticated localization calculus (e.g. triangulation) which are both error-prone and with a costly overhead. Instead of localizing nodes in a traditional 2-dimensional space, we intend to use ...

In this work, we present a new approach for competitive geometric routing in wireless ad hoc networks. In general, it is well-known that any online routing strategy performs very poor in the worst case. The main difficulty are uncovered regions within the wireless ad hoc network, which we denote as radio holes. Complex shapes of radio holes, for example zig-zag-shapes, make local geometric routing even more difficult, i.e., forwarded messages in direction to the destination m...

The greedy strategy of geographical routing may cause the local minimum problem when there is a hole in the routing area. It depends on other strategies such as perimeter routing to find a detour path, which can be long and result in inefficiency of the routing protocol. In this paper, we propose a new approach called Intermediate Target based Geographic Routing (ITGR) to solve the long detour path problem. The basic idea is to use previous experience to determine the destina...