Skein module deformations of elementary moves on links

The aim of this paper is to define certain algebraic structures coming from generalized Reidemeister moves of singular knot theory. We give examples, show that the set of colorings by these algebraic structures is an invariant of singular links. As an application we distinguish several singular knots and links.

We give a simple and practical algorithm to compute the link polynomials, which are defined according to the skein relations. Our method is based on a new total order on the set of all braid representatives. As by-product a new complete link invariant are obtained.

In Guts, Volume and Skein Modules of 3-Manifolds (arXiv:2010.06559), we showed that the twist number of certain hyperbolic weakly generalized alternating links can be recovered from a Jones-like polynomial, and offers a lower bound for the volume of the link complement. Here, we modify the proof to work for a larger class of links.

We consider the number of colors for the colorings of links by the symmetric group $S_3$ of degree $3$. For knots, such a coloring corresponds to a Fox 3-coloring, and thus the number of colors must be 1 or 3. However, for links, there are colorings by $S_3$ with 4 or 5 colors. In this paper, we show that if a 2-bridge link admits a coloring by $S_3$ with 5 colors, then the link also admits such a coloring with only 4 colors.

New obstructions for embedding one compact oriented 3-manifold in another are given. A theorem of D. Krebes concerning 4-tangles embedded in links arises as a special case. Algebraic and skein-theoretic generalizations for 2n-tangles provide invariants that persist in the corresponding invariants of links in which they embed. An example is given of a virtual 4-tangle for which Krebes's theorem does not hold.

Given any oriented link diagram, one can construct knot invariants using skein relations. Usually such a skein relation contains three or four terms. In this paper, the author introduces several new ways to smooth a crossings, and uses a system of skein equations to construct link invariant. This invariant can also be modified by writhe to get a more powerful invariant. The modified invariant is a generalization of both the HOMFLYPT polynomial and the two-variable Kauffman po...

Yasutaka Nakanishi formulated the following conjecture in 1981: every link is 3-move equivalent to a trivial link. While the conjecture was proved for several specific cases, it remained an open question for over twenty years. In 2002, Mieczys{\l}aw D{\c a}bkowski and the last author showed that it does not hold, in general. In this article, we prove the Montesinos-Nakanishi $3$-move conjecture for links with up to 19 crossings and, with the exception of six pairwise non-isot...

In this paper, we prove than given two cubic knots $K_1$, $K_2$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, they are isotopic if and only if one can pass from one to the other by a finite sequence of cubulated moves. These moves are analogous to the Reidemeister moves for classical tame knots. We use the fact that a cubic knot is determined by a cyclic permutation of contiguous vertices of the $\mathbb{Z}^3$-lattice (with some restrictions), to describe some of the classic invariants and properties o...

In this paper we announce the existence of a family of new $2$-variable polynomial invariants for oriented classical links defined via a Markov trace on the Yokonuma-Hecke algebra of type $A$. Yokonuma-Hecke algebras are generalizations of Iwahori-Hecke algebras, and this family contains the Homflypt polynomial, the famous $2$-variable invariant for classical links arising from the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of type $A$. We show that these invariants are topologically equivalent t...

We introduce new skein invariants of links based on a procedure where we first apply the skein relation only to crossings of distinct components, so as to produce collections of unlinked knots. We then evaluate the resulting knots using a given invariant. A skein invariant can be computed on each link solely by the use of skein relations and a set of initial conditions. The new procedure, remarkably, leads to generalizations of the known skein invariants. We make skein invari...