A Wilf equivalence related to two stack sortable permutations

There is a natural bijection between permutations obtainable using a stack (those avoiding the pattern 312) and permutations obtainable using a queue (those avoiding 321). This bijection is equivalent to one described by Simion and Schmidt in 1985. We argue that this bijection might well have been found back in 1968 by readers of volume 1 of Knuth's *The Art of Computer Programming*, if Knuth had not assigned difficulty ratings to his exercises.

We prove that the number of permutations which avoid 132-patterns and have exactly one 123-pattern equals (n-2)2^(n-3). We then give a bijection onto the set of permutations which avoid 123-patterns and have exactly one 132-pattern. Finally, we show that the number of permutations which contain exactly one 123-pattern and exactly one 132-pattern is (n-3)(n-4)2^(n-5).

We study sorting operators $\mathbf{A}$ on permutations that are obtained composing Knuth's stack sorting operator $\mathbf{S}$ and the reversal operator $\mathbf{R}$, as many times as desired. For any such operator $\mathbf{A}$, we provide a size-preserving bijection between the set of permutations sorted by $\mathbf{S} \circ \mathbf{A}$ and the set of those sorted by $\mathbf{S} \circ \mathbf{R} \circ \mathbf{A}$, proving that these sets are enumerated by the same sequence,...

We show that permutations of size $n$ avoiding both of the dashed patterns 32-41 and 41-32 are equinumerous with indecomposable set partitions of size $n+1$, and deduce a related result.

We characterise and enumerate permutations that are sortable by n-4 passes through a stack. We conjecture the number of permutations sortable by n-5 passes, and also the form of a formula for the general case n-k, which involves a polynomial expression.

For about 10 years, the classification of permutation patterns was thought completed up to length 6. In this paper, we establish a new class of Wilf-equivalent permutation patterns, namely, (n-1,n-2,n,tau)~(n-2,n,n-1,tau) for any tau in S_{n-3}. In particular, at level n=6, this result includes the only missing equivalence (546213)~(465213), and for n=7 it completes the classification of permutation patterns by settling all remaining cases in S_7.

We obtain an explicit formula for the number of permutations of [n] that avoid the barred pattern bar{1}43bar{5}2. A curious feature of its counting sequence, 1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 43, 145, 538, 2194,..., is that the displayed terms agree with A122993 in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, but the two sequences diverge thereafter.

We study pattern avoidance for permutations of $[n]$ with a fixed leading term and find exact formulas for the number of permutations avoiding single and pairs of patterns of length three. Our counting argument is then adapted to enumerating permutations avoiding both 3412 and 3421 by leading terms. In so doing, we obtain a new combinatorial proof of a recurrence relation for the large Schr\"{o}der numbers. We also define $r$-Wilf equivalence for permutations with leading ter...

In their paper \cite{DokosDwyer:Permutat12}, Dokos et al. conjecture that the major index statistic is equidistributed among 1423-avoiding, 2413-avoiding, and 2314-avoiding permutations. In this paper we confirm this conjecture by constructing two major index preserving bijections, $\Theta:S_n(1423)\to S_n(2413)$ and $\Omega:S_n(2314)\to S_n(2413)$. In fact, we show that $\Theta$ (respectively, $\Omega$) preserves numerous other statistics including the descent set, right-to-...

Inversion sequences of length $n$ are integer sequences $e_1,\ldots ,e_n$ with $0\le e_i<i$ for all $i$, which are in bijection with the permutations of length $n$. In this paper, we classify all Wilf equivalence classes of pattern-avoiding inversion sequences of length-4 patterns except for one case (whether 3012 $\equiv$ 3201) and enumerate some of the length-4 pattern-avoiding inversion sequences that are in the OEIS.