The homogeneous balance method, Lax pair, Hirota transformation and a general fifth-order KdV equation

The dynamics of the highly nonlinear fifth order $KdV$-type equation is discussed in the framework of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. The symmetries of the Lagrangian produce three commuting conserved quantities that are found to be recursively related to one-another for a certain specific value of the power of nonlinearity. The above cited recursion relations are obeyed with a second Poisson bracket which sheds light on the integrability properties of the above no...

The application of the Kudryashov method for finding exact solutions of the high order nonlinear evolution equations is considered. Some classes of solitary wave solutions for the families of nonlinear evolution equations of fifth, sixth and seventh order are obtained. The efficiency of the Kudryashov method for finding exact solutions of the high order nonlinear evolution equations is demonstrated.

We present a review of the normal form theory for weakly dispersive nonlinear wave equations where the leading order phenomena can be described by the KdV equation. This is an infinite dimensional extension of the well-known Poincar\'e-Dulac normal form theory for ordinary differential equations. We also provide a detailed analysis of the interaction problem of solitary wavesas an important application of the normal form theory. Several explicit examples are discussed based o...

Starting from nonlocal symmetries related to B\"acklund transformation (BT), many interesting results can be obtained. Taking the well known potential KdV (pKdV) equation as an example, a new type of nonlocal symmetry in elegant and compact form which comes from BT is presented and used to make researches in the following three subjects: two sets of negative pKdV hierarchies and their corresponding bilinear forms are constructed; the nonlocal symmetry is localized by introduc...

In this article, we derive the Darboux solutions of Ito type coupled KdV equation in Darboux framework which is associated with Hirota Satsuma systems. Then we generalise $N$-fold Darboux transformations in terms of Wronskians. We also derive the exact multi-solitonic solutions for the coupled field variables of that system in the background of zero seed solutions. The last section encloses the derivation of continuity equation with several conserved densities through its Ric...

A technique based on extended Lax Pairs is first considered to derive variable-coefficient generalizations of various Lax-integrable NLPDE hierarchies recently introduced in the literature. As illustrative examples, we consider generalizations of KdV equations and three variants of generalized MKdV equations. It is demonstrated that the techniques yield Lax- or S-integrable NLPDEs with both time- AND space-dependent coefficients which are thus more general than almost all cas...

Exact stationary soliton solutions of the fifth order KdV type equation $$ u_t +\alpha u^p u_x +\beta u_{3x}+\gamma u_{5x} = 0$$ are obtained for any p ($>0$) in case $\alpha\beta>0$, $D\beta>0$, $\beta\gamma<0$ (where D is the soliton velocity), and it is shown that these solutions are unstable with respect to small perturbations in case $p\geq 5$. Various properties of these solutions are discussed. In particular, it is shown that for any p, these solitons are lower and nar...

In this paper, based on the regular KdV system, we study negative order KdV (NKdV) equations about their Hamiltonian structures, Lax pairs, infinitely many conservation laws, and explicit multi-soliton and multi-kink wave solutions thorough bilinear B\"{a}cklund transformations. The NKdV equations studied in our paper are differential and actually derived from the first member in the negative order KdV hierarchy. The NKdV equations are not only gauge-equivalent to the Camassa...

A couple of applications of B\"acklund transformations in the study of nonlinear evolution equations is here given. Specifically, we are concerned about third order nonlinear evolution equations. Our attention is focussed on one side, on proving a new invariance admitted by a third order nonlinear evolution equation and, on the other one, on the construction of solutions. Indeed, via B\"acklund transformations, a {\it B\"acklund chart}, connecting Abelian as well as non Abeli...

Two binary (integral type) Darboux transformations for the KdV hierarchy with self-consistent sources are proposed. In contrast with the Darboux transformation for the KdV hierarchy, one of the two binary Darboux transformations provides non auto-B\"{a}cklund transformation between two n-th KdV equations with self-consistent sources with different degrees. The formula for the m-times repeated binary Darboux transformations are presented. This enables us to construct the N-sol...