Determination of quadrupole strengths in the gamma*p-->Delta(1232) transition at Q2= 0.20 (GeV/c)2

We utilize non-perturbative and fully relativistic methods to calculate the\thinspace \thinspace $\Delta N\gamma $ electromagnetic transition amplitudes $G_{M}^{*}(q^{2})$ (related to the magnetic dipole moment $% M_{1^{+}}^{3/2}(q^{2})$), $G_{E}^{*}(q^{2})$ (related to the electric quadrupole moment $E_{1^{+}}^{3/2}(q^{2})$), the electromagnetic ratio $% R_{EM}(q^{2})\equiv -G_{E}^{*}(q^{2})/G_{M}^{*}(q^{2})=E_{1^{+}}^{3/2}(q^{2})/M_{1^{+}}^{3/2}(q^{2} ) $, and discuss their...

We present a leading-order pQCD calculation of the helicity-flip $\Delta\to N\gamma^*$ matrix element $G_0$ (Coulomb quadrupole amplitude $C2$), taking into account the transverse momenta of the quarks and the contribution from the gluons. In the large $Q^2$ limit, its scaling behavior acquires a double-logarithmic correction $\log^2{(Q^2/\Lambda^2)}$ compared with the standard scaling analysis, due to the contribution from the orbital motion of the small-$x$ partons. Based o...

Information on the intrinsic deformation of the proton can be obtained by studying the electromagnetic p-->Delta+ quadrupole transition. Recent experiments have shown that the electric quadrupole (E2) strength in gamma p --> Delta+ is about 10 times larger than predicted by the simple quark model using only one-body currents. Our analysis provides evidence for the dominance of exchange currents in the N-->Delta quadrupole transition and identifies the physical mechanism leadi...

A partial wave analysis of pion photoproduction has been obtained in the framework of fixed-t dispersion relations valid from threshold up to 500 MeV. In the resonance region we have precisely determined the electromagnetic properties of the \Delta(1232) resonance, in particular the E2/M1 ratio R_{EM}=(-2.5 +- 0.1) %. For pion electroproduction recent experimental data from Mainz, Bates and JLab for Q^2 up to 4.0 (GeV/c)^2 have been analyzed with two different models, an isob...

This work evaluates the model dependence of the electric and Coulomb quadrupole amplitudes (E2, C2) in the predominantly M1 (magnetic dipole-quark spin flip) gamma* N -> Delta transition. Both the model-to-model dependence and the intrinsic model uncertainties are evaluated and found to be comparable to each other and no larger than the experimental errors. It is confirmed that the quadrupole amplitudes have been accurately measured indicating significant non-zero angular mom...

The $\gamma p \to \gamma \pi^0 p$ reaction in the $\Delta(1232)$-resonance region is investigated as a method to access the $\Delta^+(1232)$ magnetic dipole moment. The calculations are performed within the context of an effective Lagrangian model containing both the $\Delta$-resonant mechanism and a background of non-resonant contributions to the $\gamma p \to \gamma \pi^0 p$ reaction. Results are shown both for existing and forthcoming $\gamma p \to \gamma \pi^0 p$ experime...

We report on new H$(e,e^\prime p)\gamma$ measurements in the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance at $Q^2=0.06$ (GeV/c) carried out simultaneously with H$(e,e^\prime p)\pi^0$. It is the lowest $Q^2$ for which the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) reaction has been studied in the first resonance region. The VCS measured cross sections are well described by dispersion-relation calculations in which the multipole amplitudes derived from H$(e,e^\prime p)\pi^0$ data are used as input, thus con...

We show that recent experiment data for the ratios $E_{1^+}/M_{1^+}$ and $S_{1^+}/M_{1^+}$ can be explained in a dynamical model for electromagnetic production of pions, together with a simple scaling assumption for the bare $\gamma^* N \Delta$ form factors. Within our model we find that the bare $\Delta$ is almost spherical and the electric E2 and Coulomb C2 quadrupole excitations of the physical $\Delta$ are nearly saturated by pion cloud contribution in $Q^2 \le 4.0 GeV^2$...

We evaluate the two-photon exchange contribution to the $e N \to e \Delta(1232) \to e \pi N$ process at large momentum transfer with the aim of a precision study of the ratios of electric quadrupole (E2) and Coulomb quadrupole (C2) to the magnetic dipole (M1) $\gamma^* N \Delta$ transitions. We relate the two-photon exchange amplitude to the $N \to \Delta$ generalized parton distributions and obtain a quantitative estimate of the two-photon effects. The two-photon exchange co...

A covariant spectator constituent quark model is applied to study the gamma N -> Delta(1600) transition. Two processes are important in the transition: a photon couples to the individual quarks of the Delta(1600) core (quark core), and a photon couples to the intermediate pion-baryon states (pion cloud). While the quark core contributions are estimated assuming Delta(1600) as the first radial excitation of Delta(1232), the pion cloud contributions are estimated based on an an...