Characterization of Quantum Entangled States and Information Measures

This thesis covers several aspects of entanglement in the context of quantum information theory.

This Thesis is devoted to the analysis of entanglement in relevant physical systems. Entanglement is the conducting theme of this research, though I do not dedicate to a single topic, but consider a wide scope of physical situations. I have followed mainly three lines of research for this Thesis, with a series of different works each, which are, Entanglement and Relativistic Quantum Theory, Continuous-variable entanglement, and Multipartite entanglement.

Quantum mechanics has many counter-intuitive consequences which contradict our intuition which is based on classical physics. Here we discuss a special aspect of quantum mechanics, namely the possibility of entanglement between two or more particles. We will establish the basic properties of entanglement using quantum state teleportation. These principles will then allow us to formulate quantitative measures of entanglement. Finally we will show that the same general principl...

In this doctoral thesis we provide one of the first theoretical expositions on a quantum effect known as entanglement in time. It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems. We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information. An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the fi...

I give an overview of some of the most used measures of entanglement. To make the presentation self-contained, a number of concepts from quantum information theory are first explained. Then the structure of bipartite entanglement is studied qualitatively, before a number of bipartite entanglement measures are described, both for pure and mixed states. Results from the study of multipartite systems and continuous variable systems are briefly discussed.

These notes are from a series of lectures given at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogot\'a, Colombia on some topics of current interest in quantum information. While they aim to be self-contained, they are necessarily incomplete and idiosyncratic in their coverage. For a more thorough introduction to the subject, we recommend one of the textbooks by Nielsen and Chuang or by Wilde, or the lecture notes of Mermin, Preskill or Watrous. Our notes by contrast are meant to be a re...

This Dissertation collects my results on the interpretation, characterization, quantification and application of bipartite and multipartite entanglement in Gaussian states of continuous variable systems.

This paper presents a new measure of entanglement which can be employed for multipartite entangled systems. The classification of multipartite entangled systems based on this measure is considered. Two approaches to applying this measure to mixed quantum states are discussed.

The overarching goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that complementarity is at the heart of quantum information theory, that it allows us to make (some) sense of just what information "quantum information" refers to, and that it is useful in understanding and constructing quantum information processing protocols. The detailed research results which form the basis of these claims are to be found in the included papers, and the aim here is to present an overview comprehensibl...

We argue that entanglement is the essential non-classical ingredient which provides the computational speed-up in quantum algorithms as compared to algorithms based on the processes of classical physics.