Ultra Unification

Standard lore views our 4d quantum vacuum governed by one of the candidate Standard Models (SMs), while lifting towards some Grand Unification-like structure (GUT) at higher energy scales. In contrast, in our work, we introduce an alternative view that the SM arises from various neighbor vacua competition in a quantum phase diagram. In general, we regard the SM arising near the gapless quantum criticality (either critical points or critical regions) between the competing neig...

A review is given on the consistency checks of GUT, which unify the electroweak and strong nuclear forces into a single theory. Such theories predict a new kind of force, which could provide answers to several open questions in cosmology. The possible role of such a ``primeval'' force will be discussed in the framework of the Big Bang Theory. Although such a force cannot be observed directly, there are several predictions of GUT's, which can be verified at low energies. The M...

The successes and shortcomings of the Standard Model are reviewed, with emphasis on the reasons motivating the need to extend it. The basic elements of grand unification and supersymmetry are described, exploring their phenomenological implications for gauge coupling unification, proton decay, fermion masses, neutrino physics, collider signatures, dark matter, rare decays and anomalous magnetic moments. The forthcoming generation of experiments will certainly expose these ide...

In primary school, we were told that there are four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. In college, we learned that there are much more than four states of matter. For example, there are ferromagnetic states as revealed by the phenomenon of magnetization and superfluid states as defined by the phenomenon of zero-viscosity. The various phases in our colorful world are so rich that it is amazing that they can be understood systematically by the symmetry breaking t...

This paper pursues the hypothesis that the tangent bundle (TB) with the central extended little groups of the SO(3,1) group as gauge group is the underlying geometric structure for a unified theory of the fundamental physical interactions. Based on this hypothesis as a first step recently I presented a generalized theory of electroweak interaction which includes hypothetical dark matter particles (Eur. Phys. J C 79, 779 (2019). The vertical Laplacian of the tangent bundle pos...

The Standard Models contain chiral fermions coupled to gauge theories. It has been a long-standing problem to give such gauged chiral fermion theories a quantum non-perturbative definition. By classification of quantum anomalies and symmetric invertible topological orders via a mathematical cobordism theorem for differentiable and triangulable manifolds, and the existence of symmetric gapped boundary for the trivial symmetric invertible topological orders, we propose that Spi...

The string landscape suggests that the supersymmetry breaking scale can be high, and then the simplest low energy effective theory is the Standard Model (SM). Considering grand unification scale supersymmetry breaking, we show that gauge coupling unification can be achieved at about 10^{16-17} GeV in the SM with suitable normalizations of the U(1)_Y, and we predict that the Higgs mass range is 127 GeV to 165 GeV, with the precise value strongly correlated with the top quark m...

Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) are one of the most interesting high-energy completions of the Standard Model, because they provide a rich, powerful and elegant group-theoretical framework able to resolve a variety of problems remaining in our current understanding of particle physics. They usually act as motivators for many low energy BSM theories, such as left-right symmetric or supersymmetric models, and they serve to fill the gap between the experimentally reachable low ene...

In the Standard Model, some combination of the baryon $\bf B$ and lepton $\bf L$ number symmetry is free of mixed anomalies with strong and electroweak $su(3) \times su(2) \times u(1)_{\tilde Y}$ gauge forces. However, it can still suffer from a mixed gravitational anomaly, hypothetically pertinent to leptogenesis in the very early universe. This happens when the total "sterile right-handed" neutrino number $n_{\nu_R}$ is not equal to the family number $N_f$. Thus the inverti...

Considering a higher dimensional Lorentz group as the tangent symmetry, we unify gravity and gauge interactions in a natural way. The spin connection of the gauged Lorentz group is then responsible for both gravity and gauge fields, and the action for the gauged fields becomes part of the spin curvature squared. The realistic group which unifies all known particles and interactions is the $SO(1,13)$ Lorentz group whose gauge part leads to $SO(10)$ grand unified theory and con...