Graphene: carbon in two dimensions

Allotropes of carbon, including one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene sheets, continue to draw attention as promising platforms for probing the physics of electrons in lower dimensions. Recent research has shown that the electronic properties of graphene multilayers are exquisitely sensitive to the relative orientation between sheets, and in the bilayer case exhibit strong electronic correlations when close to a magic twist angle. Here, we investigate ...

Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted intense attention due to its extraordinary properties that make it a suitable material for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films, which are necessary for industrial applications, are typically polycrystalline, that is, composed of single-crystalline grains of varying orientation joined by grain boundaries. Here, we present a review of the large body of research reported in the p...

Recent years witnessed a rapid growth of interest of scientific and engineering communities to thermal properties of materials. Carbon allotropes and derivatives occupy a unique place in terms of their ability to conduct heat. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of carbon materials span an extraordinary large range - of over five orders of magnitude - from the lowest in amorphous carbons to the highest in graphene and carbon nanotubes. I review thermal and thermoelectri...

Research on graphene is proving to have more lives than a cat, repeatedly coming back in new incarnations including graphene's recent alter ego, two-dimensional emptiness.

Brief review of the theoretical and experimental results, based mainly on the works of authors, in the application of quantum field theory to the study of carbon low-dimensional systems - quasi-1D carbon nanotubes, carbynes and graphene with emphasis on formation of longlived coherent states of joint photon-electron and joint resonance phonon-electron systems of given materials is presented.

While crystalline two-dimensional materials have become an experimental reality during the past few years, an amorphous 2-D material has not been reported before. Here, using electron irradiation we create an sp2-hybridized one-atom-thick flat carbon membrane with a random arrangement of polygons, including four-membered carbon rings. We show how the transformation occurs step-by-step by nucleation and growth of low-energy multi-vacancy structures constructed of rotated hexag...

The quantum Hall effect (QHE), one example of a quantum phenomenon that occur on a truly macroscopic scale, has been attracting intense interest since its discovery in 1980 and has helped elucidate many important aspects of quantum physics. It has also led to the establishment of a new metrological standard, the resistance quantum. Disappointingly, however, the QHE could only have been observed at liquid-helium temperatures. Here, we show that in graphene - a single atomic la...

Graphene is a new material that exhibits remarkable properties from both fundamental and applied issues. This is a 2D matter system whose physical and mechanical features have been approached by using tight binding model, first principle calculations based on DFT and membrane theory. Graphene as a carbon molecule has also hidden symmetries that motivated extensions in various dimensions such as chain-type configurations, that are frequently observed as the graphene bridge nar...

We discuss different magnetic phenomena observed in carbon-based structures, in particular the diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism observed in graphite, disordered carbon, fullerenes and irradiated carbon structures.

In this article we review the quantum Hall physics of graphene based two-dimensional electron systems, with a special focus on recent experimental and theoretical developments. We explain why graphene and bilayer graphene can be viewed respectively as J=1 and J=2 chiral two-dimensional electron gases (C2DEGs), and why this property frames their quantum Hall physics. The current status of experimental and theoretical work on the role of electron-electron interactions is review...