Using Phenomenological Formulae,Deducing the Masses and Flavors of the Quarks, Baryons and Mesons from Two Elementary Quarks

The masses of the ground state heavy baryons consisting of two light (u,d,s) and one heavy (c,b) quarks are calculated in the heavy-quark--light-diquark approximation within the constituent quark model. The light quarks, forming the diquark, and the light diquark in the baryon are treated completely relativistically. The expansion in v/c up to the second order is used only for the heavy (b and c) quarks. The diquark-gluon interaction is taken modified by the form factor descr...

Sum rules relating the masses of ground-state baryons and mesons are obtained in a constituent quark model. The interaction is assumed to be independent of quark spins except for a spin-dependent part that can be treated as a perturbation. Where data are available, the sum rules agree with experiment to better than 1\%.

We establish a connection between the quark model results and the $1/N_c$ expansion mass formula used in the description of baryon resonances. We show that a remarkable compatibility exists between the two methods.

Regularities in the hadron interaction energies are used to obtain formulas relating the masses of ground-state hadrons, most of which contain heavy quarks. Inputs are the constituent quark model, the Feynman-Hellmann theorem, and the structure of the colormagnetic interaction of QCD. Some of the formulas can also be obtained from heavy quark effective theory or from diquark-antiquark supersymmetry. It is argued that the sum rules are more general than the model from which th...

A simple model for QCD is presented, which is able to reproduce the meson spectrum at low energy. The model is a Lipkin type model for quarks coupled to gluons. The basic building blocks are pairs of quark-antiquarks coupled to a definite flavor and spin. These pairs are coupled to pairs of gluons with spin zero. The multiplicity problem, which dictates that a given experimental state can be described in various manners, is removed when a particle-mixing interaction is turned...

We propose a new type of structure for singly heavy baryons of $Qqq\bar{q}q$ in addition to the conventional one of $Qqq$. Based on chiral symmetry of the light quarks, we show that the $Qqq\bar{q}q$ baryon offers a novel picture for heavy quark spin-singlet and flavor-antisymmetric baryons. By making use of the effective Lagrangian approach, we find $\Lambda_c(2765)$ and $\Xi_c(2967)$ are mostly $Qqq\bar{q}q$ while $\Lambda_c(2286)$ and $\Xi_c(2470)$ are mostly $Qqq$. The ma...

The confinement mechanism proposed earlier and then successfully applied to meson spectroscopy by the author is extended over baryons. For this aim the wave functions of baryons are built as tensorial products of those corresponding to the 2-body problem underlying the confinement mechanism of two quarks. This allows one to obtain the Hamiltonian of the quark interactions in a baryon and, accordingly, the possible energy spectrum of the latter. Also one may construct the elec...

In this work, we study the masses of $Qq\bar Q\bar q'$ states with J^{PC}=0^{++}, 1^{++}, 1^{+-} and 2^{++} in the chiral SU(3) quark model, where Q is the heavy quark (c or b) and q (q') is the light quark (u, d or s). According to our numerical results, it is improbable to make the interpretation of $[cn\bar c\bar n]_{1^{++}}$ and $[cn\bar c\bar n]_{2^{++}}$ (n=u, d) states as X(3872) and Y(3940), respectively. However, it is interesting to find the tetraquarks in the $bq\b...

We present a new classification scheme of baryon ground states and resonances into SU(3) flavor multiplets. The scheme is worked out along a covariant formalism with relativistic constituent quark models and it relies on detailed investigations of the baryon spectra, the spin-flavor structure of the baryon eigenstates, the behaviour of their probability density distributions as well as covariant predictions for mesonic decay widths. The results are found to be quite independe...

A symmetry-preserving truncation of the strong-interaction bound-state equations is used to calculate the spectrum of ground-state $J=1/2^+$, $3/2^+$ $(qq^\prime q^{\prime\prime})$-baryons, where $q, q^\prime, q^{\prime\prime} \in \{u,d,s,c,b\}$, their first positive-parity excitations and parity partners. Using two parameters, a description of the known spectrum of 39 such states is obtained, with a mean-absolute-relative-difference between calculation and experiment of 3.6(...