Algebraic Geometry of Discrete Dynamics. The case of one variable

This article presents the exact solution of fixed points functions for the cycle of period four of the quadratic recurrence equations. The solution is demonstrated for the quadratic map and the logistic map. These recurrence equations, presenting the real domain, as well as the Mandelbrot set, presenting the complex domain, are at the very heart of dynamical systems and chaos theory. Up to now, the closed explicit solutions of fixed points functions have only been known for t...

Given a polynomial diffeomorphism f: C^2 -> C^2 there is a set $J_f\subset{\bf C}^2$ which we call the Julia set of f. The set $J_f\subset C^2$ plays the role of the Julia set $J\subset{\bf C}$ for a polynomial map of C. In the study of polynomial maps of C a great deal of attention has been paid to the connectivity of the Julia set. The focus of this paper is to investigate the J-connected/J-disconnected dichotomy in the case of polynomial diffeomorphisms of C^2. The Jacob...

This will is an expository description of quadratic rational maps. Sections 2 through 6 are concerned with the geometry and topology of such maps. Sections 7--10 survey of some topics from the dynamics of quadratic rational maps. There are few proofs. Section 9 attempts to explore and picture moduli space by means of complex one-dimensional slices. Section 10 describes the theory of real quadratic rational maps. For convenience in exposition, some technical details have been ...

The hyperbolic components in the moduli space ${M}_d$ of degree $d\geq2$ rational maps are mysterious and fundamental topological objects. For those in the connectedness locus, they are known to be the finite quotients of the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{4d-4}$. In this paper, we study the hyperbolic components in the disconnectedness locus and with minimal complexity: those in the Cantor circle locus. We show that each of them is a finite quotient of the space $\mathbb{R}^{4...

These notes study the dynamics of iterated holomorphic mappings from a Riemann surface to itself, concentrating on the classical case of rational maps of the Riemann sphere. They are based on introductory lectures given at Stony Brook during the Fall Term of 1989-90. These lectures are intended to introduce the reader to some key ideas in the field, and to form a basis for further study. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the rudiments of complex variable theory and of...

Consider the one-parameter family of cubic polynomials defined by $f_t(z) =-\frac 32 t(-2z^3+3z^2)+1, t \in \mathbb{C}_2$. This family corresponds to a slice of the parameter space of cubic polynomials in $\mathbb{C}_2[z]$. We investigate which parameters in this family belong to the cubic $2$-adic Mandelbrot set, a $p$-adic analog of the classical Mandelbrot set. When $t=1$, $f_t(z)$ is post-critically finite with a strictly preperiodic critical orbit. We establish that this...

One of the main questions in the field of complex dynamics is the question whether the Mandelbrot set is locally connected, and related to this, for which maps the Julia set is locally connected. In this paper we shall prove the following Main Theorem: Let $f$ be a polynomial of the form $f(z)=z^d +c$ with $d$ an even integer and $c$ real. Then the Julia set of $f$ is either totally disconnected or locally connected. In particular, the Julia set of $z^2+c$ is locally connec...

In this paper the fractional-order Mandelbrot and Julia sets in the sense of $q$-th Caputo-like discrete fractional differences, for $q\in(0,1)$, are introduced and several properties are analytically and numerically studied. Some intriguing properties of the fractional models are revealed. Thus, for $q\uparrow1$, contrary to expectations, it is not obtained the known shape of the Mandelbrot of integer order, but for $q\downarrow0$. Also, we conjecture that for $q\downarrow0$...

This article focus on the connected locus of the cubic polynomial slice $Per_1(\lambda)$ with a parabolic fixed point of multiplier $\lambda=e^{2\pi i\frac{p}{q}}$. We first show that any parabolic component, which is a parallel notion of hyperbolic component, is a Jordan domain. Moreover, a continuum $\mathcal{K}_\lambda$ called the central part in the connected locus is defined. This is the natural analogue to the closure of the main hyperbolic component of $Per_1(0)$. We p...

We give new proofs that the Mandelbrot set is locally connected at every Misiurewicz point and at every point on the boundary of a hyperbolic component. The idea is to show ``shrinking of puzzle pieces'' without using specific puzzles. Instead, we introduce fibers of the Mandelbrot set and show that fibers of certain points are ``trivial'', i.e., they consist of single points. This implies local connectivity at these points. Locally, triviality of fibers is strictly stronge...