Additive number theory and the ring of quantum integers

Recently, Morier-Genoud and Ovsienko introduced a $q$-analog of rational numbers. More precisely, for an irreducible fraction $\frac{r}s>0$, they constructed coprime polynomials ${\mathcal R}_{\frac{r}s}(q), {\mathcal S}_{\frac{r}s}(q) \in {\mathbb Z}[q]$ with ${\mathcal R}_{\frac{r}s}(1)=r, {\mathcal S}_{\frac{r}s}(1)=s$. Their theory has a rich background and many applications. By definition, if $r \equiv r' \pmod{s}$, then ${\mathcal S}_{\frac{r}s}(q)={\mathcal S}_{\frac{r...

Suppose we are given black-box access to a finite ring R, and a list of generators for an ideal I in R. We show how to find an additive basis representation for I in poly(log |R|) time. This generalizes a quantum algorithm of Arvind et al. which finds a basis representation for R itself. We then show that our algorithm is a useful primitive allowing quantum computers to rapidly solve a wide variety of problems regarding finite rings. In particular we show how to test whether ...

Let $N$ be a positive integer, $\mathbb{A}$ be a nonempty subset of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\alpha=\dfrac{\alpha_{1}}{\alpha_{2}}\in \mathbb{A}\setminus \{0,N\}$. $\alpha$ is called an $N$-Korselt base (equivalently $N$ is said an $\alpha$-Korselt number) if $\alpha_{2}p-\alpha_{1}$ is a divisor of $\alpha_{2}N-\alpha_{1}$ for every prime $p$ dividing $N$. The set of all Korselt bases of $N$ in $\mathbb{A}$ is called the $\mathbb{A}$-Korselt set of $N$ and is simply denoted by $\ma...

We provide a simple way to add, multiply, invert, and take traces and norms of algebraic integers of a number field using integral matrices. With formulas for the integral bases of the ring of integers of at least a significant proportion of numbers fields, we obtain explicit formulas for these matrices and discuss their generalization. These results are useful in proving statements about the particular number fields they work in. We give a meaningful diagonalization that is ...

First we prove some elementary but useful identities in the group ring of Q/Z. Our identities have potential applications to several unsolved problems which involve sums of Farey fractions. In this paper we use these identities, together with some analytic number theory and results about divisors in short intervals, to estimate the cardinality of a class of sets of fundamental interest.

Some very elementary ideas about quantum groups and quantum algebras are introduced and a few examples of their physical applications are mentioned.

In this note, we present a new proof that the cyclotomic integers constitute the full ring of integers in the cyclotomic field.

The paper studies some properties of the ring of integer-valued quasi-polynomials. On this ring, theory of generalized Euclidean division and generalized GCD are presented. Applications to finite simple continued fraction expansion and Smith normal form of integral matrices with integer parameters are also given.

We discuss the motivation and main results of a quantum theory over a Galois field (GFQT). The goal of the paper is to describe main ideas of GFQT in a simplest possible way and to give clear and simple arguments that GFQT is a more natural quantum theory than the standard one. The paper has been prepared as a presentation to the ICSSUR' 2005 conference (Besancon, France, May 2-6, 2005).

A series of lecture notes on the elementary theory of algebraic numbers, using only knowledge of a first-semester graduate course in algebra (primarily groups and rings). No prerequisite knowledge of fields is required. Based primarily on the texts of E. Hecke, Lectures on the Theory of Algebraic Numbers, Springer-Verlag, 1981 (English translation by G. Brauer and J. Goldman) and D. Marcus, Number Fields, Springer, 1977.