Caloric curve of 8 GeV/c negative pion and antiproton + Au reactions

Isotope temperatures from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, and carbon isotopic yields, and excited-state temperatures from yield ratios of particle-unstable resonances in 4He, 5Li, and 8Be, were determined for spectator fragmentation, following collisions of 197Au with targets ranging from C to Au at incident energies of 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon. A deviation of the isotopic from the excited-state temperatures is observed which coincides with the tran...

Inclusive double differential multiplicities of deuterons, ^3H, ^3He, and ^4He measured by E877 for 11.5 A GeV/c Au+Au collisions at the AGS are presented. Light fragments at beam-rapidity are measured for the first time at AGS energies. Beam rapidity deuteron and ^4He yields and transverse slope parameters are found to be strongly dependent on impact parameter and the shape of the deuteron spectra is not consistent with that expected for a simple thermal distribution. The de...

Inclusive and exclusive hard-photon (E$_\gamma >$ 30 MeV) production in five different heavy-ion reactions ($^{36}$Ar+$^{197}$Au, $^{107}$Ag, $^{58}$Ni, $^{12}$C at 60{\it A} MeV and $^{129}$Xe+$^{120}$Sn at 50{\it A} MeV) has been studied coupling the TAPS photon spectrometer with several charged-particle multidetectors covering more than 80% of 4$\pi$. The measured spectra, slope parameters and source velocities as well as their target-dependence, confirm the existence of t...

Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and H isotopes (p, d and d, t) yield consistent temperatures after feeding corrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most central co...

In the domain of Fermi energy, it is extremely complex to isolate experimentally fragments and particles issued from the cooling of a hot nucleus produced during a heavy ion collision. This paper presents a new method to characterize more precisely hot Quasi-Projectiles. It tries to take into account as accurately as possible the distortions generated by all the other potential participants in the nuclear reaction. It is quantitatively shown that this method is a major improv...

Spectra of various particle species have been calculated with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model for very central collisions of Au+Au. They are compatible with the idea of a fully stopped thermal source which exhibits a transversal expansion besides the thermal distribution of an ideal gas. However, the microscopic analyses of the local flow velocities and temperatures indicate much lower temperatures at densities associated with the freeze-out. The results express th...

Collisions of Au+Au have been studied at beam kinetic energies of 6, 8, and 10.8 GeV/nucleon at the AGS facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Particles emitted from the collisions were momentum analyzed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer system. Measurements were made at spectrometer angles in the range 14deg - 59deg. m_t spectra of protons from central collisions were analyzed to derive integrated rapidity distributions and inverse slope as a function of rapidit...

The mean transverse kinetic energies of the fragments formed in the interaction of 1 A GeV Au+C have been determined. An energy balance argument indicates the presence of a collective energy which increases in magnitude with increasing multiplicity and accounts for nearly half of the measured mean transverse kinetic energy. The radial flow velocity associated with the collective energy yields estimates for the time required to expand to the freeze-out volume. Isentropic traje...

New results for the masses, excitation energies, temperatures, and densities of excited spectator systems at breakup are presented. They were obtained in two recent experiments with the ALADIN spectrometer at SIS in which reactions of Au-197 on Au-197 in the regime of relativistic energies up to 1 GeV per nucleon were studied. The methods used to extract these thermodynamic variables are discussed.

A systematic study of the effect of fragment$-$fragment interaction, quantum statistics, $\gamma$-feeding and collective flow is made in the extraction of the nuclear temperature from the double ratio of the isotopic yields in the statistical model of one-step (Prompt) multifragmentation. Temperature is also extracted from the isotope yield ratios generated in the sequential binary-decay model. Comparison of the thermodynamic temperature with the extracted temperatures for di...