Time-Dependent Symmetries of Variable-Coefficient Evolution Equations and Graded Lie Algebras

In our paper we construct a new infinite family of symmetries of the Whitham equations (averaged Korteveg-de-Vries equation). In contrast with the ordinary hydrodynamic-type flows these symmetries are nonhomogeneous (i.e. they act nontrivially at the constant solutions), are nonlocal, explicitly depend upon space and time coordinates and form a noncommutative algebra, isomorphic to the algebra of the polynomial vector fields in the complex plane (Virasoro algebra with the zer...

The recursion operators and symmetries of non-autonomous, (1+1)-dimensional integrable evolution equations are considered. It has been previously observed that the symmetries of the integrable evolution equations obtained through their recursion operators do not satisfy the symmetry equations. There have been several attempts to resolve this problem. It is shown that in the case of time dependent evolution equations or time dependent recursion operators, associativity is lost...

In this paper, we study the structure theory of a class of not-finitely graded Lie algebras related to generalized Virasoro algebras. In particular,the derivation algebras, the automorphism groups and the second cohomology groups of these Lie algebras are determined.

Several classes of systems of evolution equations with one or two vector unknowns are considered. We investigate also systems with one vector and one scalar unknown. For these classes all equations having the simplest higher symmetry are listed.

We present easily verifiable sufficient conditions of time-independence and commutativity for local and nonlocal symmetries for a large class of homogeneous (1+1)-dimensional evolution systems. In contrast with the majority of known results, the verification of our conditions does not require the existence of master symmetry or hereditary recursion operator for the system in question. We also give simple sufficient conditions for the existence of infinite sets of time-indepen...

We consider a Lie algebra generalizing the Virasoro algebra to the case of two space variables. We study its coadjoint representation and calculate the corresponding Euler equations. In particular, we obtain a bi-Hamiltonian system that leads to an integrable non-linear partial differential equation. This equation is an analogue of the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili (of type B) equation.

We obtain exhaustive classification of inequivalent realizations of the Witt and Virasoro algebras by Lie vector fields of differential operators in the space $\mathbb{R}^3$. Using this classification we describe all inequivalent realizations of the direct sum of the Witt algebras in $\mathbb{R}^3$. These results enable constructing all possible (1+1)-dimensional classically integrable equations that admit infinite dimensional symmetry algebra isomorphic to the Witt or the di...

We define a new grading, that we call the "level grading", on the algebra of polynomials generated by the derivatives $u_{k+i}=\partial^{k+i}u/\partial x^{k+i}$ over the ring $K^{(k)}$ of $C^{\infty}$ functions of $u,u_1,...,u_k$. This grading has the property that the total derivative and the integration by parts with respect to $x$ are filtered algebra maps. In addition, if $u$ satisfies an evolution equation $u_t=F[u]$ and $F$ is a level homogeneous differential polynomial...

In this paper we show that the worldline reparametrization for particles with higher derivative interactions appears as a higher dimensional symmetry, which is generated by the truncated Virasoro algebra. We also argue that for generic nonlocal particle theories the fields on the worldline may be promoted to those living on a two dimensional worldsheet, and the reparametrization symmetry becomes locally the same as the conformal symmetry.

We consider a class of generalized Kuznetsov--Zabolotskaya--Khokhlov (gKZK) equations and determine its equivalence group, which is then used to give a complete symmetry classification of this class. The infinite-dimensional symmetry is used to reduce such equations to (1+1)-dimensional PDEs. Special attention is paid to group-theoretical properties of a class of generalized dispersionless KP (gdKP) or Zabolotskaya--Khokhlov equations as a subclass of gKZK equations. The cond...