Topological quasiparticles and the holographic bulk-edge relation in 2+1D string-net models

In this paper, inspired by [1-3], we proposed a class of lattice renormalization group (RG) operators, each operator determined by a topological order $T$ in $D+1$ space-time dimensions. Taking the overlap between an eigenstate $\langle\Omega|$ of the RG operator with the ground state wave-function $|\Psi\rangle$ of $T$ (i.e. $\langle\Omega|\Psi\rangle$) gives rise to partition functions of conformal (including topological) theories in $D$ dimensions with categorical symmetry...

We study the Levin-Wen string-net model with a $Z_N$ type fusion algebra. Solutions of the local constraints of this model correspond to $Z_N$ gauge theory and double Chern-simons theories with quantum groups. For the first time, we explicitly construct a spin-$(N-1)/2$ model with $Z_N$ gauge symmetry on a triangular lattice as an exact dual model of the string-net model with a $Z_N$ type fusion algebra on a honeycomb lattice. This exact duality exists only when the spins are...

The string-net condensate is a new class of materials which exhibits the quantum topological order. In order to answer the important question, "how useful is the string-net condensate in quantum information processing?", we consider the most basic example of the string-net condensate, namely the $Z_2$ gauge string-net condensate on the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice, and show that the universal measurement-based quantum computation (in the sense of the quantum computationa...

One of the most striking features of quantum phases that exhibit topological order is the presence of long range entanglement that cannot be detected by any local order parameter. The formalism of projected entangled-pair states is a natural framework for the parameterization of the corresponding ground state wavefunctions, in which the full wavefunction is encoded in terms of local tensors. Topological order is reflected in the symmetries of these tensors, and we give a char...

The topological order of a (2+1)D topological phase of matter is characterized by its chiral central charge and a unitary modular tensor category that describes the universal fusion and braiding properties of its anyonic quasiparticles. I discuss the topologically invariant quantities associated with these and identify ones that are useful for determining the topological order. I propose a variety of physical experiments that probe these quantities and detail the relation of ...

The theory of anyon condensation is the foundation of the bulk-boundary relation and topological holography in 2+1D/1+1D. It is believed string condensation should replace anyon condensation in the 3+1D/2+1D topological holography theory. In this work we study string condensations in 3+1D topological orders and their relations to 2+1D phases. We find that a class of non-Lagrangian condensable algebras in 3+1D are exactly dual to a class of 2+1D symmetry enriched gapless phase...

We propose a new discrete model---the twisted quantum double model---of 2D topological phases based on a finite group $G$ and a 3-cocycle $\alpha$ over $G$. The detailed properties of the ground states are studied, and we find that the ground--state subspace can be characterized in terms of the twisted quantum double $D^{\alpha}(G)$ of $G$. When $\alpha$ is the trivial 3-cocycle, the model becomes Kitaev's quantum double model based on the finite group $G$, in which the eleme...

The string-net approach by Levin and Wen and the local unitary transformation approach by Chen, Gu and Wen provided ways to systematically label non-chiral topological orders in 2D. In those approaches, different topologically ordered many-body wave functions were characterized by different fixed-point tensors. Though extremely powerful, the resulting fixed-point tensors were mathematical abstractions and thus lacked a physical interpretation. As a result it was hard to judge...

Self-consistent (non-)abelian statistics in 2+1D are classified by modular tensor categories (MTC). In recent works, a simplified axiomatic approach to MTCs, based on fusion coefficients $N^{ij}_k$ and spins $s_i$, was proposed. A numerical search based on these axioms led to a list of possible (non-)abelian statistics, with rank up to $N=7$. However, there is no guarantee that all solutions to the simplified axioms are consistent and can be realised by bosonic physical syste...

We investigate the multifusion generalization of string-net ground states and lattice Hamiltonians, delving into its associated weak Hopf symmetry. For the multifusion string-net, the gauge symmetry manifests as a general weak Hopf algebra, leading to a reducible vacuum string label; the charge symmetry, serving as a quantum double of gauge symmetry, constitutes a connected weak Hopf algebra. This implies that the associated topological phase retains its characterization by a...