Growing Networks with Enhanced Resilience to Perturbation

Complex networks as the World Wide Web, the web of human sexual contacts or criminal networks often do not have an engineered architecture but instead are self-organized by the actions of a large number of individuals. From these local interactions non-trivial global phenomena can emerge as small-world properties or scale-free degree distributions. A simple model for the evolution of acquaintance networks highlights the essential dynamical ingredients necessary to obtain such...

We study the organization and dynamics of growing directed networks. These networks are built by adding nodes successively in such a way that each new node has $K$ directed links to the existing ones. The organization of a growing directed network is analyzed in terms of the number of ``descendants'' of each node in the network. We show that the distribution $P(S)$ of the size, $S$, of the descendant cluster is described generically by a power-law, $P(S) \sim S^{-\eta}$, wh...

In this paper, we show the evaluation of the spectral radius for node degree as the basis to analyze the variation in the node degrees during the evolution of scale-free networks and small-world networks. Spectral radius is the principal eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a network graph and spectral radius ratio for node degree is the ratio of the spectral radius and the average node degree. We observe a very high positive correlation between the spectral radius ratio for...

We analyse growing networks ranging from collaboration graphs of scientists to the network of similarities defined among the various transcriptional profiles of living cells. For the explicit demonstration of the scale-free nature and hierarchical organization of these graphs, a deterministic construction is also used. We demonstrate the use of determining the eigenvalue spectra of sparse random graph models for the categorization of small measured networks.

Networks are mathematical structures that are universally used to describe a large variety of complex systems such as the brain or the Internet. Characterizing the geometrical properties of these networks has become increasingly relevant for routing problems, inference and data mining. In real growing networks, topological, structural and geometrical properties emerge spontaneously from their dynamical rules. Nevertheless we still miss a model in which networks develop an eme...

A central issue in the study of large complex network systems, such as power grids, financial networks, and ecological systems, is to understand their response to dynamical perturbations. Recent studies recognize that many real networks show nonnormality and that nonnormality can give rise to reactivity--the capacity of a linearly stable system to amplify its response to perturbations, oftentimes exciting nonlinear instabilities. Here, we identify network structural propertie...

We introduce a simple one-parameter network growth algorithm which is able to reproduce a wide variety of realistic network structures but without having to invoke any global information about node degrees such as preferential-attachment probabilities. Scale-free networks arise at the transition point between quasi-random and quasi-ordered networks. We provide a detailed formalism which accurately describes the entire network range, including this critical point. Our formalis...

In this paper, we abstract a kind of stochastic processes from evolving processes of growing networks, this process is called growing network Markov chains. Thus the existence and the formulas of degree distribution are transformed to the corresponding problems of growing network Markov chains. First we investigate the growing network Markov chains, and obtain the condition in which the steady degree distribution exists and get its exact formulas. Then we apply it to various ...

Recently, it has been demonstrated that many large complex networks display a scale-free feature, that is, their connectivity distributions have the power-law form. In this paper, we investigate the synchronization phenomena in a scale-free dynamical network. We show that its synchronizability is robust against random removal of nodes, but is fragile to specific removal of the most highly connected nodes.

In this paper, we study a class of stochastic processes, called evolving network Markov chains, in evolving networks. Our approach is to transform the degree distribution problem of an evolving network to a corresponding problem of evolving network Markov chains. We investigate the evolving network Markov chains, thereby obtaining some exact formulas as well as a precise criterion for determining whether the steady degree distribution of the evolving network is a power-law or...